Grutter v. Bollinger (Barbara Grutter) - 2003 United States Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action program.
Following the U.S. Supreme Court's rulings on June 23, 2003, Cohen, Gratz, Grutter, and others were among those who invited Ward Connerly to Michigan, where he appeared in a July 8, 2003 speech on the Michigan campus announcing the formation of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (MCRI), to forbid preference by race or nationality in the state.
Lee Bollinger, President of Columbia University (2002), President of the University of Michigan, Provost of Dartmouth College, Chair of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, named defendant in U.S. Supreme Court affirmative action cases Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School.