Grutter v. Bollinger (Barbara Grutter) - 2003 United States Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action program.
"Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens." Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 527, 559, ... (1896) (Harlan, J., dissenting).
•
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School.
Most notably, he served as an expert for the University of Michigan in two federal court cases regarding affirmative action in the undergraduate and law school admissions--Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2003.
Grutter v. Bollinger | Brooks Bollinger | Bollinger County, Missouri | Bollinger County | Otto Bollinger | Lee Bollinger | Gratz v. Bollinger | Bollinger Shipyards | Bollinger |
Perry, Barbara A. The Michigan Affirmative Action Cases University Press of Kansas: 2007.
Lee Bollinger, President of Columbia University (2002), President of the University of Michigan, Provost of Dartmouth College, Chair of the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, named defendant in U.S. Supreme Court affirmative action cases Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger