It enjoyed independence briefly during the 18th century under the reigns of the Amorite chieftains (ra-bí-an MAR.DÚ) Itur-šarrum, attested on a single seal from Ešnunna, and Sîn-gāmil, son of Sîn-šēmi and a contemporary of Zimri-Lim (ca. 1710–1698 BC short) of Mari and Ḫammu-rapī (ca. 1728–1686 BC short) of Babylon.
Hammurabi is one of the 23 lawgivers depicted in marble bas-reliefs in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives in the United States Capitol.
Hammurapi is one transliteration (spelling) of Hammurabi.
Hammurabi of Babylonia's 30th year name was "Year Hammurabi the king, the mighty, the beloved of Marduk, drove away with the supreme power of the great gods the army of Elam who had gathered from the border of Marhashi, Subartu, Gutium, Tupliash (Eshnunna) and Malgium who had come up in multitudes, and having defeated them in one campaign, he (Hammurabi) secured the foundations of Sumer and Akkad."
The city was abandoned during the reign of Samsu-iluna, successor to Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty and not re-occupied until late in the first millennium.
Najim Abdallah Zahwen Al Ujayli was an Iraqi general who served in the Hammurabi Armoured Division of the Republican Guard under Saddam Hussein.
The most ancient example of a simple volvelle was the pentagram from Hammurabi's day that has become the symbol of witchcraft.
Some time later, the most powerful rulers in Mesopotamia (immediately preceding the rise of Hammurabi of Babylon) were Shamshi-Adad I and Ishme-Dagan of Assyria, also regarded as Amorites, although Shamshi-Adad I claims decendancy from the native Akkadian king of Assyria Ushpia in the Assyrian King List.
A key document is the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, preserving record of astronomical observations of Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets during the reign of the Babylonian king Ammisaduqa, known to be the fourth ruler after Hammurabi in the relative calendar.
After rising to prominence as an independent state in the early second millennium, during the time of Shamshi-Adad, Eshnunna was occupied by Elam, then conquered by Hammurabi of Babylon in the 38th year of his reign, and absorbed within the Old Babylonian Empire (sometimes called the First Babylonian Dynasty).
Above the seated figures are portraits of six lawgivers: Hammurabi, Moses, Solon, Justinian, Blackstone and John Marshall.