Haeckel's Monera included not only bacterial groups of early discovery but also several small eukaryotic organisms; in fact the genus Vibrio is the only bacterial genus explicitly assigned to the phylum, while others are mentioned indirectly, which led Copeland to speculate that Haeckel considered all bacteria to belong to the genus Vibrio, ignoring other bacterial genera.
In 1938, Herbert Copeland resurrected Hogg's label, arguing that Haeckel's term protista included anucleated microbes such as bacteria, which the term "Protoctista" (literally meaning "first established beings") did not.
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