Northern midlands and mountainous is bordered by 2 provinces of Southern China: Guangxi and Yunnan to the north; 3 provinces of Upper Laos: Phongsali, Luang Prabang, Hua Phan to the west; Red River Delta to the southeast; North Central Coast to the southwest; Gulf of Tonkin to the east.
Prior to the arrival of the French it was one of several semi-independent Tai hill tribe states called Muang, including Muang Sing, Hua Pan Tang Ha Tong Hoc in Laos, and China's Sip Song Panna.
province | Buenos Aires Province | Transvaal Province | Katanga Province | Cape Province | Western Province | New Ireland Province | Kars Province | Pichincha Province | Santa Fe Province | Dewa Province | Entre Ríos Province | Roman province | Rhine Province | Natal Province | Helmand Province | Battambang Province | La Convención Province | Hakkâri Province | Western Province (Papua New Guinea) | Northern Province | Mendoza Province | Guanacaste Province | Province of New York | Fars Province | Boulgou Province | Province | Manabí Province | El Oro Province | Tigray Province |
It originates from Houa peak at 2062 m near Xam Neua town, Houaphanh Province in eastern Laos and travels east to meander through Nghệ An and Thanh Hóa provinces of Vietnam.