At the end of the 1950s, Profaci received the first challenge to his authority from capo Joe Gallo and his brothers Larry and Albert, perhaps with encouragement from Gambino crime family boss Carlo Gambino, Profaci's main rival on the Mafia Commission.
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In 1956, Joe Profaci, in Brooklyn (New York City), was recorded talking about the export of Sicilian oranges with Nino Cottone, in Sicily.
With Luciano's absence, power on the Commission was held by an alliance of mob bosses Vincent Mangano, Joe Bonanno, Stefano Magaddino and Joe Profaci.