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2 unusual facts about John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter


Beatrice, Countess of Arundel

She may have married John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon in 1432.

Coldharbour House

At the end of the fourteenth century, it belonged to John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, a half-brother of King Richard II, who he entertained in the house.


Arthur Burks

In the 1970s Burks began meeting with Bob Axelrod, Michael Cohen, and John Holland, researchers with interests in interdisciplinary approaches to studying complex adaptive systems.

International Church of the Foursquare Gospel

He, along with Pastors Roy Hicks, Jr. in Eugene, Oregon, Jerry Cook in Gresham, Oregon, Ronald D. Mehl of the Beaverton Foursquare Church in Beaverton, Oregon, and John Holland in Vancouver, British Columbia, have been credited by the church with setting a plan for the denomination's growth in spite of its staggering financial losses under Paul Risser.

Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York

As a result of her indiscretions, including an affair with King Richard II's stepbrother, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (d.1400), whom Pugh terms 'violent and lawless', Isabella left behind a tarnished reputation, her loose morals being noted by the chronicler Thomas Walsingham.

John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter

There is an effigy of this John Holland in the Chapel of St. Peter de Vincula in the Tower of London.

Over the next five years he held various important commands with the English forces in France and in 1420 was made Constable of the Tower of London.

Learning classifier system

First described by John Holland, his LCS consisted of a population of binary rules on which a genetic algorithm altered and selected the best rules.


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