On 11 April 2005, British newspaper The Guardian considered him to be "a dark-horse candidate for pope, capable of bridging the divide between the Europeans and the Latin American Roman Catholic cardinals".
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The episcopal ordination took place on 22 January 2000 in the Church of the Jeronimos Monastery with Patriarch D. José Policarpo as principal consecrator along with bishops D. Manuel Franco da Costa de Oliveira Falcão and D. Albino Mamede Cleto.