He was the son of José de la Riva Agüero, Marquess of Montealegre de Aulestia, first President of Peru, and the Princess Caroline Arnoldine Looz Corswarem.
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In 1914, after Billinghurst's overthrow, Valdelomar was forced to return to Peru, where he worked as secretary to historian Jose de la Riva-Agüero, under whose influence he wrote La mariscala, the biography of Francisca Zubiaga (1803–1835), wife of the president, Agustín Gamarra.
In 1919 Riva-Agüero left for an extended stay in Europe and whilst there he came into contact with the works of radical Catholic rightist authors such as Jacques Bainville and Charles Maurras and soon became a disciple of their ideas.
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He launched his own hard-line Catholic Acción Patriótica movement after the model of Action Française and before long he had changed the name of this group to the Peruvian Fascist Brotherhood.
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Riva-Agüero, a descendant of José de la Riva Agüero, studied at the National University of San Marcos and the University of Lima where he completed his PhD, before returning to San Marcos as Professor of History.