This constitution is strongly influenced by ideas of the French socialist Jules Guesde.
The 'defencist' camp included many venerable figures of European socialism: Jules Guesde and Édouard Vaillant in France, Gustav Noske and Friedrich Ebert in Germany, Georgi Plekhanov and Ekaterina Breshkovskaia among the Russians.
In August 1914, Guesde was included in the national unity government of René Viviani as a Minister without Portfolio, and continued to serve in that role until the end of 1916.
Jules Verne | Jules Massenet | Jules Dassin | Étienne-Jules Marey | Jules Maigret | Danny John-Jules | Jules Shear | Jules Michelet | Jules Ferry | Jules Dumont d'Urville | Jules Chéret | Jules Bastien-Lepage | Pierre-Jules Hetzel | Jules Perrot | Jules Olitski | Judge Jules | Jules Guesde | Jules Feiffer | Jules Edouard Roiné | Jules and Jim | Pierre-Jules Boulanger | Jules Romains | Jules, Prince of Soubise | Jules Lermina | Jules Hodgson | Jules Germain Cloquet | Jules Dewaquez | Jules | Anne Jules de Noailles | Prix Jules Janssen |