Responding to popular demand, in 1010 the commander of the palace guard Lý Công Uẩn seized the throne and founded the Lý Dynasty, the first long-lived imperial dynasty of Vietnam.
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When he died in 1005, the Lê Dynasty went into decline; five years later, in 1010, Lý Công Uẩn declared the Lý Dynasty and moved the capital from Hoa Lư to the area of modern Hanoi.
In the ensuing 40-day battle near modern-day Nanning, the Đại Việt troops were victorious, capturing the generals of three Song armies.
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The Four Great Treasures of Annam were four bronzes typical of the culture of Lý and Trần dynasties of Vietnam.
During the Lý Dynasty an extensive market for trade between the Vietnamese and the Chinese was established at Vĩnh Bình on the Kỳ Cùng River.
In 1164, the relation between the Lý Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had a significant change when the Emperor Xiaozong of Song decided to acknowledge Đại Việt as a kingdom, the Kingdom of Annam (An Nam quốc), instead of only a district, the District of Giao Chỉ (Giao Chỉ quận) which was a designation made by his predecessors.
The Văn chỉ hall at the right of the main hall is used for the worship of Lý Đạo Thành and Tô Hiến Thành, two high-ranking civil mandarin officers who served the Lý Dynasty.
The Lý Dynasty also saw the construction of many of Vietnam's landmark structures, including the Temple of Literature, One-pillar pagoda, and Quynh Lam pagoda.