Important towns beside Cottbus and the historic capitals Lübben and Luckau include Calau, Doberlug-Kirchhain, Finsterwalde, Forst, Guben/Gubin, Lauchhammer, Lübbenau, Senftenberg, Spremberg, Vetschau, and Żary in present-day Poland.
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By late 1867 the Berlin-Görlitz line was complete and the route, which passed through the countryside of the Spreewald and the Lower Lusatia and the towns of Königs Wusterhausen, Lübben and Lübbenau, officially opened on 31 December 1867.
According to the will of John George I, Christian received Merseburg and the cities of Bad Lauchstädt, Schkeuditz, Lützen, and Zwenkauand with their castles, half of the towns of Brehna, Zörbig, and Finsterwalde, and the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, including the towns and castles of Lübben, Dobrilugk, Finsterwalde, Guben, Luckau, Calau, and Spremberg; this settlement created the Duchy of Saxe-Merseburg with Christian as its ruler.
Plans to connect the village to the Lusatian town of Fürstenberg west of the Oder (today part of Eisenhüttenstadt) similar to Frankfurt/Oder - Słubice had existed since Charles IV of Luxembourg became the sole ruler of both territories in 1373.
Low Lusatian German (in German: Niederlausitzer Mundart (also English: Low Lusatian Dialect)) is a variety of Central German spoken in northern Saxony and southern Brandenburg within the regions of Lower Lusatia (Cottbus) and the northern part of Upper Lusatia (Hoyerswerda).