She is known for contributions to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, to statistical physics, where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising Model, and to the study of the Mössbauer effect, on which she collaborated with John von Neumann and Harry Lipkin.
In 1960 Robert Pound carried out together with his assistant Glen Rebka an experiment, the Pound-Rebka experiment, using the Mössbauer effect to measure the gravitational redshift of the radiation from a gamma source in the gravitation field of planet Earth.
At Rutgers she has been a major member of the nuclear physics research group working on the tandem Van de Graaff accelerator, as well as a condensed-matter physicist, performing experiments using the Mössbauer effect, by which she investigated the electronic structure of magnetic materials.
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Recently Friedwardt Winterberg has suggested a means of converting an imploding matter-antimatter plasma into a highly collimated beam of gamma-rays - effectively a gamma-ray laser - which would very efficiently transfer thrust to the space vehicle's structure via a variant of the Mössbauer effect.