Golwalkar was born on 19 February 1906 at Ramtek near Nagpur, Maharashtra; the only surviving son of the nine children of his parents: Sadashivrao, a school teacher and Lakshmibai.
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Inspired by the ideology and methodology of the RSS, Golwalkar joined the RSS and eventually, following a meeting with Dr.Hedgewar, went to the RSS' "Officers Training Camp" in Nagpur.
In August 1963, M. S. Golwalkar, the Sarsangchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh established a Swami Vivekananda Centenary Committee and a Vivekananda Rock Memorial Committee and appointed Eknath Ranade as its Secretary.