Pigeonholed by art critics for too long as something that happened in Paris and especially in New York, concrete abstract art was actually a worldwide movement that spread from South America to Northern Europe, and cannot simply be reduced to the French easel painting of Bazaine, Manessier, Hartung, Estève or Gischia.
At the end of the war, graduated from the Rome Fine Arts Academy, he moved to Paris, where he mixed with artists such as Matisse, Severini, Giacometti, and Manessier.