Instead, it was discovered by Mario Capecchi in 1967 that tRNAs do not ordinarily recognize stop codons at all, and that what he named "release factor" was not a tRNA molecule, but a protein.
In 2007, Mario Capecchi, distinguished professor of human genetics and biology, was award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his method of introducing homologous recombination in mice by way of embryonic stem cells.
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2003 – Smithies received the Wolf Prize in Medicine, the third most prestigious award in medicine, along with Mario Capecchi and Ralph L. Brinster.