The border dispute long predates the foundations of the modern nations, and goes back to the difficulties experienced in shaping a boundary between the colonies of Santa Marta (now Santa Marta, Colombia) and New Andalusia (now part of Venezuela).
New Navarre, or New Andalucia Province (New Spain), created in 1565
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Governorate of New Andalusia, in South America, created as one of the 1534 grants of Charles I of Spain
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New Andalusia Province, in South America, first colonized by Spaniards in 1569, led by explorer Diego Hernández de Serpa
Other provinces of this region during this era were Nueva Andalucia and Veragua or Castilla del Oro; the main city in Tierra Firme was Santa Maria La Antigua del Darién, now Darién, Panama, near at mouth of the Tarena river.
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