The NPAM (also called "the Militia" though that term could also encompass the full-time standing army known as the Permanent Active Militia (PAM)) was composed of several dozen infantry battalions (redesignated as regiments in 1900) and cavalry regiments.
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He served in the Canadian Militia at the time of the Trent Affair in 1861, was promoted Captain in 1862 and at Niagara in 1865.