Martin Luther believed that Mary did not have other children and did not have any marital relations with Joseph.
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Some early writers, Tertullian, Helvidius and Eunomius of Cyzicus, interpreted Matthew's statement to mean that Joseph and Mary did have normal marital relations after Jesus' birth, and that James, Joses, Jude, and Simon were the biological sons of Mary and Joseph, a view held by Helvidius and Eunomius.
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In relation to 1 Cor 9:5, the "most natural interpretation is that the un-named "brothers of the Lord" were the children of Joseph and Mary" says Leon Morris.
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Diarmaid MacCulloch, a historian of the Reformation, wrote that the reason why the early reformers upheld Mary’s perpetual virginity was that she was "the guarantee of the Incarnation of Christ", a teaching that was being denied by the same radicals that were denying Mary’s perpetual virginity.
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