The Bluff Downs fossil site is a paleontological site of Pliocene age in northern Queensland, Australia, and is the most significant fossil site of the Pliocene age in Australia.
It was originally discovered as a fossil from the Pliocene in Sicily and Calabria, Italy, but later found alive in the Bay of Bay of Biscay.
The type species, Chalicotherium goldfussi, from Miocene and Pliocene Europe, was described by Johann Jakob Kaup in 1833 and since then 7 other species have been confidently assigned to this genus.
Chrysichthys macrotis, Van Neer, 1994, is known from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Albertine Rift in Uganda and Chrysichthys mahengeensis, Murray & Budney, 2003, is known from the Eocene of Mahenge, Tanzania.
The surface of the town consists entirely of Karst limestone rock geologically associated with the so-called Carcar Formation, and is dated to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary (approx. 3-2 million years ago).
An entire skull, found in the Lower Pliocene beds of Eppelsheim, Hesse-Darmstadt in 1836, measured 4 ft (1.2 m) in length and 3 ft (.9 meters) in breadth, indicating an animal exceeding modern elephants in size.
The specimens washed up on the beaches of the North Sea are almost certainly fossil (from the Pliocene and the Eemian), as this species no longer occurs in the south-eastern part of the North Sea.
The prehistoric fossil record was long limited to very fragmentary remains described as P. cymatotrypetes found in Early Pliocene deposits of Langebaanweg, South Africa; while this bird apparently was close to the Common Diving Petrel, no members of the genus are known from South African waters today.
His studies on the relations of the fossil to the recent species led him as early as 1829 to conclusions somewhat similar to those arrived at by Lyell, to whom Deshayes rendered much assistance in connection with the classification of the, then, Tertiary system into Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene.
-- might have been re-dated since 1970s --> Pliocene rocks in a quarry at Langebaanweg, South Africa, meaning that this penguin lived not much less than 5 million years ago.
The four living species of the Lynx genus are believed to have evolved from the "Issoire lynx", which lived in Europe and Africa during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene.
Other fossil cetaceans have also been found in the area, as well as a fish, a diverse invertebrate fauna that includes molluscs, gastropods, marine diatoms, and Antarctica’s first Pliocene decapod crustacean.
Panthera crassidens, an extinct leopard species that lived during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene in Africa
The painted-snipe, †Rostratula minator was described in 1988 from deposits of the early Pliocene found in Langebaanweg, South Africa.
The oldest fossils belonging to the genus Procapra date from the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene of central Asia, which was wetter and warmer then than now.
The first fossil specimens of Protatlanta souleyeti from Cainozoic has been found from Pliocene in Anda, Pangasinan, Luzon, Philippines in 2001 (published in 2007).
It was originally described by Seguenza in fossil form during the Miocene in Calabria and during the Pliocene in Sicily.
†Struthio dmanisensis, Giant Ostrich (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Dmanisi, Georgia)
All of these were found in the Upper Pliocene Rexroad Formation in Meade County, Kansas.
The African Pied Wagtail (and possibly the Mekong Wagtail) diverged prior to the massive radiation of the white-bellied black-throated and most yellow-bellied forms, all of which took place during the late Piacenzian (early Late Pliocene), c.