X-Nico

3 unusual facts about Proto-Indo-Europeans


Jean Haudry

Bruce Lincoln calls Haudry an 'excellent linguist' and mentions that Haudry supports the Arctic hypothesis of the origin of Indo-Europeans.

Proto-Indo-Europeans

Another counter-argument is the fact that ancient Anatolia is known to have been inhabited by non-Indo-European people, namely the Hattians, Khalib/Karub, and Khaldi/Kardi; though this does not preclude the possibility that the earliest Indo-European speakers may have been there too.

Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Alberto Piazza argue that Renfrew and Gimbutas reinforce rather than contradict each other.


76th Punjabis

During the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War, the battalion fought at Jassar in the Sialkot Sector, while in the 1971 war, it took part in capture of the Indian fortress of Qaisar-i-Hind in the Hussainiwala Sector.

Archer brothers

In 1853, Charles and William Archer were the first Europeans to discover the Fitzroy River, which they named in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy, Governor of the Colony of New South Wales.

Attilio Gatti

He became one of the Europeans to see the fabled Okapi, and the Bongo, a brown Lyre horned antelope with white stripes.

Birds of New Zealand

The most damage however was caused by habitat destruction and the other animals humans brought with them, particularly rats (the Polynesian rat or kiore introduced by Māori and the Brown Rat and Black Rat subsequently introduced by Europeans), but also mice, dogs, cats, stoats, weasels, pigs, goats, deer, hedgehogs, and Australian possums.

Chen Duxiu

In 1927, he and other high-ranking Communists, including Mao Zedong and Borodin, collaborated closely with Wang Jingwei's Nationalist government in Wuhan, convincing Wang's regime to adopt various proto-Communist policies.

Colin Masica

At the University of Chicago, he taught Hindi at all levels, and occasionally other South Asian languages, along with North Indian cultural history and literature, for three decades, and published on both Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages.

Dawson Island

At the time of European encounter, the Kawésqar lived on the island (they were called the Alcalufe by the Yahgan and the Europeans adopted that term.) They lived west of the Yahgan and throughout the islands west of Tierra del Fuego.

Denzil Keelor

Air Marshal Denzil Keelor PVSM, AVSM, VrC, KC (born 7 December 1933) is a retired Indian Air Force air marshal and a hero of the Indo-Pakistani war.

Djanga

The fact that Europeans were returned spirits of the dead, was reported in the case of George Grey, who was recognised by one Aboriginal woman as the spirit of her dead son.

Dosar

2007, Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council (MIAAC) Film Festival : Best Actress for Konkona Sen Sharma.

Edgar H. Sturtevant

Besides research on Native American languages and field work on the Modern American English dialects, he is the father of the Indo-Hittite hypothesis, first formulated in 1926, based on his seminal work establishing the Indo-European character of Hittite (and the related Anatolian languages), with Hittite exhibiting more archaic traits than the normally reconstructed forms for Proto-Indo-European.

Enchilada

Writing at the time of the Spanish conquistadors, Bernal Díaz del Castillo documented a feast enjoyed by Europeans hosted by Hernán Cortés in Coyoacán, which included foods served in corn tortillas.

Frank Proto

Between 1982 and 1989 Proto was a Synclavier artist, composing works in different genres both with and for the system, the most notable being the Dialogue for Synclavier and Orchestra, commissioned by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and conducted by then music director Michael Gielen.

Frederik Kortlandt

In 2007, he composed a version of Schleicher's fable, a story written in a hypothetical reconstruction Proto-Indo-European, which differs radically from all previous versions.

Gartz

The name derives from northern Lechitic (Proto-Polish) dialects (namely from West Pomeranian) from the word "gard" < *gord, meaning "fortified settlement".

Geography of Guam

: Commercial fishing (mostly servicing and unloading of longline fleets and commercial vessels), recreational fishing of Indo-Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira mazara), Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and deepwater reef fish, tourism (especially from Japan but increasingly from China and South Korea).

Historical migration

The Indo-European migration has variously been dated to the end of the Neolithic (Marija Gimbutas: Corded ware, Yamna, Kurgan), the early Neolithic (Colin Renfrew: Starčevo-Körös, Linearbandkeramic) and the late Palaeolithic (Marcel Otte, Paleolithic Continuity Theory).

Human branding

The English verb to burn, attested since the 12th century, is a combination of Old Norse brenna "to burn, light," and two originally distinct Old English verbs: bærnan "to kindle" (transitive) and beornan "to be on fire" (intransitive), both from the Proto-Germanic root bren(wanan), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root bhre-n-u, from base root bhereu- "to boil forth, well up."

Indian Trade

Other products desired by the Europeans produced other components of the Indian Trade, including the deerskin trade in the what is now the east coast of the United States, and the Pemmican and buffalo skin and meat trade on the Great Plains.

Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin

Chinensis-type (Chinese white dolphin) is the eastern variety, found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia

James Cowles Prichard

He stated that the Celtic languages are allied by language with the Slavonian, German and Pelasgian (Greek and Latin), thus forming a fourth European branch of Indo-European languages.

Jemdet Nasr

The site was first excavated in 1926 by Stephen Langdon, who found proto-cuneiform clay tablets in a large mudbrick building thought to be the ancient administrative centre of the site.

Khan Muhammad Khan

Colonel Khan Muhammad Khan (Urdu: کرنل خان محمد خان)was a prominent soldier and politician in Poonch, serving in the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly and later as Chairman of the War Council during the 1947 War of Independence.

Lemuel Dole Nelme

He is said to have deferred later to the theory of Rowland Jones on Celtic as proto-language.

Lonchocarpus

It is still drunk today and was, after the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, considered a less harmful alternative to the alcoholic beverages imported by the Europeans.

Naglfar

In his study of treatment of hair and nails among the Indo-Europeans, Bruce Lincoln compares Snorri's Prose Edda comments about nail disposal to an Avestan text, where Ahura Mazdā warns that daevas and xrafstras will spring from hair and nails that lay without correct burial, noting their conceptual similarities.

Nola pumila

It is found in the Indo-Australian tropics, including China (Shanghai), Formosa, Sikkim, Assam, India, Burma, Sulawesi and New Guinea.

Nytheatre.com

Writers include Chiori Miyagawa, Julia Lee Barclay, Proto-type Theater's Peter S. Petralia, Trav S.D., Ken Urban and Marc Spitz.

Osei Kofi Tutu I

The victory broke the hold those kingdoms had on the trade path to the coast and cleared the way for the Asante to increase trade with the Europeans.

Parliament of Fiji Islands

The remaining 46 are reserved for Fiji's ethnic communities and are elected from communal electoral rolls: 23 Fijians, 19 Indo-Fijians, 1 Rotuman, and 3 "General electors" (Europeans, Chinese, and other minorities).

Pisonia

Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Seem. – Umbrella Catchbirdtree (Indo-Pacific)

PNS Qasim

In 1974, Marine Corps were disbanded from the services of Pakistan Armed Forces by President, later elected Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the Service branch was were completely failed to achieve any minor or major objectives in the both 1971 Winter War and the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Poor Knights Islands

The islands' name is said to derive from their resemblance to Poor Knight's Pudding, a bread-based dish popular at the time of discovery by Europeans.

Proto-Algonquian language

It has merged with the reflex of *r in all Algonquian languages except for Cree and the Arapaho group.

Proto-Anatolian language

However, the usage of Hittite cuneiform writing system limits the enterprise of understanding and reconstructing Anatolian phonology, partly due to the deficiency of the adopted Akkadian cuneiform syllabary to represent Hittite sounds, and partly due to the Hittite scribal practices.

Proto-Elamite

The Mesopotamian civilization emerged during the period 3700–2900 BC amid the development of technological innovations such as the plough, sailing boats and copper metal working.

Proto-human

Proto-Human language, a designation of the hypothetical most recent common ancestor of all the world's languages

Proto-Tai language

Pittayaporn's reconstruction of these sounds is based on irregular correspondences in differing modern Tai dialects among the sounds /kʰ/, /x/ and /h/, in particular in the Phuan language and the Kapong dialect of the Phu Thai language.

Robert Claiborne

His Our Marvelous Native Tongue (also called The Life and Times of the English Language) is a well-known book about the origins and evolution of English, spanning subjects as diverse as the Indo-Europeans, the Saxons, the King James Bible, Pidgin English, and African American Vernacular English (also called 'Ebonics').

Sahabzada Yaqub Khan

As Major-General, he commanded the combantant 1st Armoured Division during the 1965 September war against India and posted in East-Pakistan shortly after the war was ended.

Samori Ture

1830 in Manyambaladugu (in the Konyan region of what is now southeastern Guinea), the son of Dyula traders, Samore grew up in West Africa being transformed by growing contacts with the Europeans.

Sophytes

Cunningham believes the Sobii and Kathaei to have been his subjects, whom he asserts were Turanians, making them of the same stock as the Saka or Indo-Scythians.

Stair riser

Archaeological research by the Italian IsMEO at the Butkara Stupa suggests that small decorative stairs were adjoined to Buddhist stupas at the time of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, and that they were decorated with Buddhist scenes.

Standing Buddha

The earliest known image of the Buddha with approximate indications on date is the Bimaran casket, which has been found buried with coins of the Indo-Scythian king Azes II (or possibly Azes I), indicating a 30-10 BCE date, although this date is not undisputed.

Tibetan incense

Tibetan medical theory states that everything in the universe is made up of the 5 proto-elements: sa (Earth), chu (Water), me (Fire), rLung (Wind or Air), and Nam-mkha (Space).

Tyrsenian languages

If these languages could be shown to be related to Etruscan and Rhaetic, they would constitute a pre-Indo-European family stretching from (at the very least) the Aegean islands and Crete across mainland Greece and the Italian peninsula to the Alps.

Unyamwezi

The first Europeans to reach the region were Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke, who had been sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society and the British government to investigate the great Lake Uniamési said by German missionaries to lie in the region and determine if it was the source of the Nile.

Vyacheslav Ivanov

Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, one of the most influential modern scholars specializing in Indo-European studies


see also

Gāndhārī language

Scholars believe that the language featured elements from the languages native to the area (pre-Indo-European population) which are related to the Indo-Aryan family to which all prakrits belong, as well as Dardic and Iranian ethnic languages (i.e. Pashto) native to Peshawar.

Sigynnae

Rawlinson speculates that "the Sigynnae retained a better recollection than other European tribes of their migrations westward and Aryan origin", apparently using the term "Aryan" with a meaning somewhere between Indo-Iranian and Indo-European.