Unlike ziconotide, TROX-1 is not so selective, and also blocks the intrathecally, by injection into the spinal fluid.
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The dual effect of seletracetam is an overall decrease in the amount of action potential due to binding at N-type channels, which prevents over-excitation of the neuron, as well as a decrease in neurotransmitter release as a product of cellular excitation due to the interaction of the drug with SV2A, which reduces the spread of excitation to nearby cells.
It was developed as a potential analgesic after the discovery that the selective ziconotide is an active analgesic with similar efficacy to strong opioid drugs but comparatively milder side effects.