The Mahaparinirvan Express is operated by Indian Railways using carriages from a Rajdhani Express train.
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Among the important trains from Sealdah using this track are: Maitree Express to Dhaka, Rajdhani Express to New Delhi, Duronto Express to New Delhi, Annanya Express to Udaipur, Akal Takht Express to Amritsar, Darjeeling Mail to Haldibari, Bhagirathi Express to Lalgola, Gour Express to Balurghat, and Uttar Banga Express to New Cooch Behar.
The accident occurred at 10:40 PM, when the Eastern Railway's high-speed, luxury Rajdhani Express train derailed on a 300-foot bridge over the Dhave River near the town of Rafiganj near Gaya.
The train was one of the last Rajdhani Express trains to be introduced in the 20th century, making its inaugural run in 1997 after the estwhile metre gauge lines between Ahmedabad and Delhi through Gujarat, Rajasthan and Haryana were converted to broad gauge.