"The Four Friends", a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the Rashidun, the first four Caliphs (namely Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib)
The Rashidun Caliphate greatly expanded the sway of Islam beyond Arabia, conquering all of Persia, besides Syria (637), Armenia (639) Egypt (639) and Cyprus (654).
•
Suleiman the Magnificent and Abdul Hamid I of the Ottoman period are regarded by some to be amongst the rightly guided caliphs.
Settlement at Einabus' site dates back to the Jebusite era, however the village's inhabitants are descended Arab tribes that migrated to the area during the Rashidun rule of Palestine.
Shaiba ibn Hashim was the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, who was the cousin and father-in-law of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was the fourth and last of the Rightly Guided Caliphs according to Sunni Muslims and the first Imam according to Shia Muslims.
He was also the father of Umar ibn al-Khattab, who would later become Muslim and is regarded by Sunni Muslims as the second "Rightly guided Caliph" (Arabic "Rashidun"), thus he was a Sahaba's ancestor.
Relations between the kingdom of Makuria and Rashidun Egypt had gotten off to a rocky start in 642 with the First Battle of Dongola.