The state itself encompassed a small territory, including Mahabad and the adjacent cities of Piranshahr, Naqada and Ushnaviya.
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Mahabad was briefly the capital of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad, which was declared independent on January 1, 1946 under the leadership of Kurdish nationalist Qazi Muhammad.
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The Shah ordered an invasion of the Republic of Mahabad shortly afterwards under which the leaders of the republic including Qazi Muhammad were arrested and executed.