It apparently reached the West via Rome, as in Italian it is called lattuga romana and in French laitue romaine, both meaning 'Roman lettuce', hence the name 'romaine', the common term in American English.
William Romaine | Vaison-la-Romaine | Romaine Brooks | Hedda Lettuce | Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises | William Romaine Govett | ''Una, Lady Troubridge'' by Romaine Brooks | Prickly Lettuce (''Lactuca serriola'') | Barbara Romaine | Alba-la-Romaine |