Until 1566, the Diocese of Bayonne included much Spanish territory, i.e. the four Archpresbyteries of Baztan, Lerin, Bortziria in Navarre, and Hondarribia in Guipuzcoa, a remnant of Charlemagne's conquests beyond the Pyrenees.
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Local tradition maintains that St. Leo, the martyr, with whose memory is associated a miraculous fountain, was the first Bishop of Bayonne.
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The southern boundary of the see, from about this period, was marked by a series of crosses high in the Pyrenees, of which the southernmost and most famous was Charles's Cross.
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