The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S) encodes sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein in Escherichia coli.
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The transcriptional regulator CsgD is central to Biofilm formation, controlling the expression of the curli structural and export proteins, and the Diguanylate cyclase, adrA, which indirectly activates cellulose production.
From this set of candidate genes, microarray analysis and northern blotting confirmed the existence of 17 previously undescribed sRNAs, many of which bind to the chaperone protein Hfq and regulate the translation of RpoS (Sigma 38).