The school was part of the naval dockyard which had been established to support the Self-Strengthening Movement in its of learning science and technology from the west.
This was Phan's first encounter with the Self-Strengthening Movement in China and other major political and military reforms made around the world.
In 1870 a number of foreigners were killed during riots in the city of Tianjin.
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As a result of treaties with the Western powers, the two ports of Tianjin and Shanghai were opened to Western trade.
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