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Numerous wildlife species can be seen including elephants, gaur, water buffaloes, tigers, panthers, sloth bears, pangolins, Black-headed Orioles, crocodiles, Green Pigeons, civet cats, Dhole, Sambar and 31 groups of endangered lion-tailed macaques.
The Meghamalai reserve forest, also contiguous with Periyar, is proposed to be the 600 km² Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary to protect several threatened species including: Bengal Tiger, Indian Elephant, Nilgiri tahr, lion-tailed macaque, Slender loris, Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Salim Ali's fruit bat, Great Indian Hornbill, Hutton's pitviper and Vindhyan Bob butterfly.
The most common mammal species of this sanctuary are – Hoolock Gibbon, slow loris, Pig-tailed Macaque, Stump-tailed Macaque, Capped Langur, Asian Elephant, Tiger, Black Panther, Leopard, Gaur, Chinese Pangolin, Himalayan Black Bear, Himalayan Squirrel, Leopard Cat, Clouded Leopard, Porcupine, Crab Eating Mongoose, Sambar, Sun bear, Binturong, Barking deer, Golden cat, marbled cat etc.
Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Macaca leonina (Bangladesh to Vietnam, south to northern Malaysia)
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Southern Pig-tailed Macaque or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina (Northern Malaysia and southern Thailand to Borneo and western Indonesia)
Britches - an infant stump-tailed macaque used in sight-deprivation experiments, which was stolen from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front.