Another contemporary walled ditch called Scots Dyke running from Stanwick as far south as the river Swale at Richmond (and possibly also north over the Tees at Gainford) may have formed part of a general defensive mechanism for the hill peoples in the area.
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Excavations in 1951 (Wheeler) and during the 1980s (Haselgrove) have revealed traces of round houses both within the Tofts and outside the larger enclosed area suggesting that from about 200BC agrarian settlers began to establish what became the largest oppidum in the north of England.
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