Passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) on June 16, 1933, sparked widespread union organizing throughout the country, even in the steel industry.
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In 1936 he went to work for the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC) of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in charge of efforts to organize fraternal organizations of foreign-born Americans.
He sold tombstones and did other odd work, until he was hired in 1938 as a staff worker for the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, on the condition that he leave the Communist Party of Canada and join the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.