Chapman-Enskog theory presents accurate formulas for a multicomponent gas mixture under thermal and chemical equilibrium.
A large amount, at least 3 x 1019 kg, of 0.1 – 1000 µm warm dust is present, in a roughly collisional equilibrium distribution with dn/da ~ a-3.5.
The NFW profile is an approximation to the equilibrium configuration of dark matter produced in simulations of collisionless dark matter particles by numerous groups of scientists.
The state postulate is a term used in thermodynamics that defines the given number of properties to a thermodynamic system in a state of equilibrium.
M. Zemansky also distinguishes mechanical, chemical, and thermal equilibrium.
The classical virial expansion expresses the pressure of a many-particle system in equilibrium as a power series in the density.
The Wulff construction is a method for determining the equilibrium shape of a droplet or crystal of fixed volume inside a separate phase (usually its saturated solution or vapor).
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This labradorescence, or schiller effect, is the result of light diffraction within the lamellar intergrowths – fine, adjacent layers of the separate materials (lamellae) comprising the whole rock phase – created when conditions do not allow for sufficient diffusion to the materials' equilibrium composition.