The KMT itself was plagued by factionalism with influential leaders like Wang Jingwei and Hu Hanmin rebelling against Chiang.
Left wing led by Wang Jingwei against Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang Right wing faction resulting in Chiang becoming the head of the Kuomintang party and commander-in-chief of all the armies for the Northern Expedition.
Wayne Wang | Vera Wang | Xiaoming Wang | Wang Beixing | Wang Laboratories | Wang Jingwei | Wang Wei (8th-century poet) | Wang Wei | Wang Yuegu | Wang Ying (actress) | Wang Ying | Wang Xiaoshuai | Wang Weiyi | Wang Mang | Wang Hui | Wang Guangyi | Wang Bingyu | Wang Baoqiang | Sungei Wang Plaza | Patrick Wang | Cyndi Wang | Wang Zuo | Wang Zhen | Wang Zhaojun | Wang Yung-ching | Wang Yi | Wang Xizhi | Wang Tao | Wang Sengbian | Wang Sanyun |
In the Hundred Flowers Campaign, the example of Chen in collaborating with Wang Jingwei's Wuhan government, leading to the ostracism of his peers and the failure of Communist policies at the time, was used by Peng Zhen as a warning never to "forgive" anti-Maoists.
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In 1927, he and other high-ranking Communists, including Mao Zedong and Borodin, collaborated closely with Wang Jingwei's Nationalist government in Wuhan, convincing Wang's regime to adopt various proto-Communist policies.
When Wang Jingwei installed a left-leaning KMT faction in Wuhan, Borodin attempted to recruit Li to join the Communists, but Li was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, and refused.