The original Old English language was then influenced by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety called Anglo-Norman.
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The most influential model of the spread of English is Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes.
World Cup | FIFA World Cup | World Trade Center | World Series | 2010 FIFA World Cup | World Bank | World Health Organization | Guinness World Records | 1978 FIFA World Cup | World Series of Poker | Allies of World War II | BBC World Service | ATP World Tour 250 series | World Heritage Site | World Boxing Association | World Boxing Council | 2006 FIFA World Cup | World Wide Web | As the World Turns | World Trade Organization | ATP World Tour 250 Series | World Rally Championship | World Intellectual Property Organization | World Economic Forum | Western world | Miss World | Rugby World Cup | World Meteorological Organization | World Championship | The Real World |
Ahmar has worked in the areas of language policy development, pidgin and creole languages, NNEST studies, English language acquisition, English language teaching and teacher education, World Englishes, pragmatics, and issues surrounding minority languages in South Asia.
Other terms with slightly different meanings have been used in the debate and research on the global spread of English, including ‘English as an International Language’ (EIL), ‘Global English’, ‘Global Englishes’, International English, ‘World English’ and World Englishes as well as, most recently, Globish.
Ahmar has also made considerable contributions to the study of World Englishes, and in particular Pakistani English.
Widdowson, H.G. (1998a) EIL: squaring the Circles. A Reply. World Englishes 17/3 pp.