Benzodiazepines are the only drugs that have been found to reduce the occurrence of ANV but their efficacy decreases with time.
Tofisopam (Emandaxin and Grandaxin) is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative.
The Nucleoside analogs, d4T, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) and 3'-fluorodideoxyguanosine (FLG), and the NNRTI's 1-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy) methyl-6-phenylthiothymine (HEPT), tetrahydro-imidazo4,5,1-jk1,4-benzodiazepine-2(1H)-one and -thione (TIBO) and alpha-anilinophenylacetamide (alpha-APA) were first described at the Rega Institute.
Ro4938581 is a nootropic drug invented in 2009 by a team working for Hoffmann-La Roche, which acts as a subtype-selective inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine binding site on the receptor.