After completing an internship in Pediatrics at the Montreal Children's Hospital (1970–1971), he pursued postgraduate training in medical genetics and folate metabolism at the Massachusetts General Hospital under the supervision of John Littlefield and .
Endive is rich in many vitamins and minerals, especially in folate and vitamins A and K, and is high in fiber.
These folate-dependent biosynthetic reactions include the transfer of methyl groups from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to form formyl groups from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to N-formylmethionine in initiator tRNAs.