The 6S RNA binds to RNA polymerase and regulates transcription, tmRNA has functions in protein synthesis, including the recycling of stalled ribosomes, 4.5S RNA regulates signal recognition particle (SRP), which is required for the secretion of proteins and RNase P is involved in maturing tRNAs.
This has been shown to take place both in the field and in laboratory cultures and has been studied by molecular analysis of sequences of mitochondrial tRNA to identify the taxa involved.
It is commonly found in tRNA, associated with thymidine and cytosine in the TΨC arm and is one of the invariant regions of tRNA.The function of it is not very clear, but it is expected to play a role in association with aminoacyl transferases during their interaction with tRNA, and hence in the initiation of translation.
These folate-dependent biosynthetic reactions include the transfer of methyl groups from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to form formyl groups from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to N-formylmethionine in initiator tRNAs.
Florian Klepper, Eva-Maria Jahn, Volker Hickmann, Thomas Carell: „Synthese des tRNA-Nucleosids Queuosin unter Verwendung eines chiralen Allylazid-Intermediats“, Angewandte Chemie, 2007, 119 (13), pp.
Instead, it was discovered by Mario Capecchi in 1967 that tRNAs do not ordinarily recognize stop codons at all, and that what he named "release factor" was not a tRNA molecule, but a protein.
At about the same time, Sidney Altman, a professor at Yale University, was studying the way tRNA molecules are processed in the cell when he and his colleagues isolated an enzyme called RNase-P, which is responsible for conversion of a precursor tRNA into the active tRNA.
(p)ppGpp is thought to bind RNA polymerase and alter the transcriptional profile, decreasing the synthesis of translational machinery (such as rRNA and tRNA), and increasing the transcription of biosynthetic genes.
In 1948, names were slovakized: Trlinka to Malá Tŕna and Kučišdorf to Veľká Tŕna, until the two merged in 1964 to one village named by its current name, Vinosady, which refers to rich vineyard tradition in this region.