X-Nico

unusual facts about forced labour



Gerald Jacobs

It is the story of Miklos Hammer, a Hungarian Jew, and his fight to survive his conscription into the Hungarian Jewish forced labour Battalion in 1944, his life in a Jewish ghetto, and his eventual sufferings in Birkenau.


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Antoine Izméry

In September 1995, after Aristide had been returned to power, fourteen people, including former paramilitary leader Louis-Jodel Chamblain, and police officers Jackson Joanis and Michel François, were convicted in absentia and sentenced to forced labour for life over Izméry's death.

East Karelia

The war was accompanied by hardship for the local ethnic Russian civilians, including forced labour and internment in prison camps as enemy aliens.

History of slavery in Louisiana

At the end of the trial 23 slaves were hanged, 31 slaves received a sentence of flogging and hard labour and the three white men were deported, with two being sentenced to six years forced labour in Havana.

Human trafficking in Kenya

City Council Social Services Departments in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu operated shelters to rehabilitate street children vulnerable to forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation; the government provided services to children exploited in the commercial sex industry at these facilities.

Nauru International Airport

The airstrip was built during the Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and became operational in January 1943.

Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni

On 22 November 1850, Napoleon III declared: "Six thousand condemned men in our prisons weigh heavily on our budget, becoming increasingly depraved and constantly menacing our society. I think it is possible to make the sentence of forced labour more effective, more moralising, less expensive and more humane by using it to further the progress of French colonisation."

Salt Cay, Turks Islands

When the Spanish conquistador-explorer Juan Ponce de León came to the Islands in 1512, they were still inhabited by Arawak Indians who disappeared afterwards due to the diseases contracted from the Europeans and forced labour imposed by them.

Slavery in Japan

According to a joint study by historians including Zhifen Ju, Mitsuyoshi Himeta, Toru Kubo and Mark Peattie, more than 10 million Chinese civilians were mobilized by the Kōa-in (East Asia Development Board) for forced labour.

Soviet Latvia

MV Sovetskaya Latviya (Soviet Latvia), a transport ship operated by the Soviet industrial concern Dalstroy, a part of the NKVD's forced labour system.