The TRACE and STEREO spacecraft (launched into LEO in 1998 and 2006, respectively) carry similar multilayer imagers, as does the Solar Dynamics Observatory mission.
The FDL-7 was a concept aircraft designed for near earth orbital flight by the US Airforce Flight Dynamics Laboratory.
The High Energy Astronomy Observatory Program was a NASA program of the late 1970s and early 1980s that included a series of three large low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft for X-ray and Gamma-Ray astronomy and Cosmic-Ray investigations.
The Saturn C-5N was a conceptual version of the Saturn V launch vehicle which would have had a nuclear third stage instead of the S-IVB used on the Saturn V. This would have increased the payload to Low Earth orbit of the rocket from 118,000 kg to 155,000 kg.
These limits are applicable to all missions in low Earth orbit (LEO) as well as lunar missions that are less than 180 days in duration.
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A concept to provide low Earth orbit (LEO) propellant depots that could be used as way-stations for other spacecraft to stop and refuel on the way to beyond-LEO missions has proposed that waste gaseous hydrogen—an inevitable byproduct of long-term liquid hydrogen storage in the radiative heat environment of space—would be usable as a monopropellant in a solar-thermal propulsion system.
Scientists of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics have proposed that future, near-term LEO space facilities should include "a large space dock making possible the on-orbit assembly and maintenance of large space facilities, space platforms, and spacecraft" (see image for design concept).
Powell predicts a total expense, primarily hardware costs, of $43 per kilogram of payload if with 35 ton payloads being launched 10+ times a day, such an intended goal as opposed to present rocket launch prices of $10,000 to $25,000 per kilogram to LEO.
The Apollo Command Module, the crew cabin of the Apollo Command/Service Module, used in the Apollo program to send men to the Moon and low Earth orbit, designed specifically to return through the atmosphere to a water landing
Due to the low Earth orbit, the microsatellites can use commercial-grade parts that are not affected by temperature and radiation which impact satellites that orbit the earth above 5,000 km.