Lysine has been suggested as a treatment for herpes labialis based on in vitro studies, but the evidence is inconclusive in humans.
Also found guilty in the price-fixing case were two Japanese firms (Ajinomoto, Kyowa Hakko) and a South Korean firm (Sewon).
Lysine plugs deep into the channel pore and Tyrosine, as penultimate or ultimate and hydrophobic residue, turns it to fixate it, leading to a physical occlusion of the channel pore.
The protein contains five HAT (histone acetyltransferase) domains, a coiled coil domain, a domain of unknown function, a lysine-rich region, and a poly-lysine and serine region.
For example, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 can remove the activating mark histone 3 acetyl lysine 9 (H3K9Ac), then the histone methylase G9a can add methyl groups, while the histone demethylase lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) can remove the activating mark H3K4me.
The overall pathway of glucosepane formation starts with lysine attacking the reducing sugar D-glucose to form the unstable imine known as a Schiff base, which then rearranges to form the more stable aminoketose Amadori product.
Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the cleavage of the polyamine spermidine and transfer of its 4-aminobutyl moiety to the ε-amino group of one specific lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor to form deoxyhypusine and 1,3-diaminopropane.
It interacts with chromatin, the histone methyltransferase G9a (responsible for the mono- and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9, H3K9), and the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2, (responsible for the trimethylation of H3K27).
Urm1 is known to be conjugated to the peroxiredoxin Ahp1, ATPBD3, and CTU2 and human MOCS3, through a mechanism involving the E1-like protein Uba4 via lysine residues.