Nominative–accusative language | Nominative case | Nominative-accusative language | nominative–accusative language |
For nominative–accusative alignment, the structural cases are assigned from left to right, with nominative case preceding accusative.
In linguistics, the ergative case parameter is a proposed parameter that classifies a language as ergative-absolutive or nominative-accusative accordingly to how nouns are declined as subjects or objects of a sentence.
Another common classification distinguishes nominative–accusative languages and ergative–absolutive ones.
Its basic word order is subject–verb–object; it has a nominative–accusative case-marking strategy.
Case marking is nominative–accusative.
A nominative–absolutive language, also called a marked nominative language, is a language with an unusual morphosyntactic alignment similar to, and often considered a subtype of, a nominative–accusative alignment.
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter).
All other witnesses have εξερχομενοι, a nominative plural participle, normally interpreted as semitism for an imperative (Leave!).
In German the two sets of forms are quite similar (for example, the genitive of ich "I" is meiner, the corresponding possessive pronoun is also meiner in the masculine singular nominative, and the possessive determiner is mein with various endings).
In absence of narrow focus, the system is organised on a nominative–accusative basis; when focused, direct objects and subjects of intransitive verbs are co-aligned (special focus case, special focus agreement).
Split ergativity is shown by languages that have a partly ergative behaviour, but employ another syntax or morphology—usually accusative—in some contexts.
In his last book (2002), he assembled extensive data from the nominal and verbal systems, from the lexicon, phonology, and syntax of the ancient IE languages, to argue that Pre-Indo-European was active/stative in alignment, rather than nominative/accusative.
In absence of narrow focus, the system is organised on the nominative–accusative basis; when focused, direct objects and subjects of intransitive verbs are co-aligned (special focus case, special focus agreement).