Nominative–accusative language | Nominative-accusative language | nominative–accusative language | Accusative case | accusative case |
The accusative absolute is sometimes found in place of the ablative absolute in the Latin of Late Antiquity as, for example, in the writings of Gregory of Tours and Jordanes.
For nominative–accusative alignment, the structural cases are assigned from left to right, with nominative case preceding accusative.
In linguistics, the ergative case parameter is a proposed parameter that classifies a language as ergative-absolutive or nominative-accusative accordingly to how nouns are declined as subjects or objects of a sentence.
In Czech, Slovak and Serbo-Croatian, negating with the genitive case is perceived as rather archaic and the accusative is preferred, but genitive negation in these languages is still not uncommon, especially in music and literature.
Archaically, the unflected possessive pronoun can be used instead, e.g. Vergißmeinnicht (instead of: "vergiß meiner nicht" or—vergessen takes the accusative as well—"vergiss mich nicht" in more modern form).
Another common classification distinguishes nominative–accusative languages and ergative–absolutive ones.
Its basic word order is subject–verb–object; it has a nominative–accusative case-marking strategy.
Case marking is nominative–accusative.
A nominative–absolutive language, also called a marked nominative language, is a language with an unusual morphosyntactic alignment similar to, and often considered a subtype of, a nominative–accusative alignment.
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter).
Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic; the accusative (4th form) of the Czech word Praha
In absence of narrow focus, the system is organised on a nominative–accusative basis; when focused, direct objects and subjects of intransitive verbs are co-aligned (special focus case, special focus agreement).
Split ergativity is shown by languages that have a partly ergative behaviour, but employ another syntax or morphology—usually accusative—in some contexts.
Tripartite language, also called an ergative–accusative language, a language treats the subject of an intransitive verb, the subject of a transitive verb, and the object of a transitive verb each in different ways
The word viscount, known to be used in English since 1387, comes from Old French visconte (modern French: vicomte), itself from Medieval Latin vicecomitem, accusative of vicecomes, from Late Latin vice- "deputy" + Latin comes (originally "companion"; later Roman imperial courtier or trusted appointee, ultimately count).
In his last book (2002), he assembled extensive data from the nominal and verbal systems, from the lexicon, phonology, and syntax of the ancient IE languages, to argue that Pre-Indo-European was active/stative in alignment, rather than nominative/accusative.
In absence of narrow focus, the system is organised on the nominative–accusative basis; when focused, direct objects and subjects of intransitive verbs are co-aligned (special focus case, special focus agreement).