X-Nico

unusual facts about pathogens



Antimotility agent

In diarrhea caused by invasive pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter, the use of such agents has generally been strongly discouraged, though evidence is lacking that they are harmful when administered in combination with antibiotics in Clostridium difficile cases.

Benzethonium chloride

Independent testing shows that benzethonium chloride is highly effective against such pathogens as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and norovirus.

Black pod disease

pathogens all expressing the same symptoms in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao).

Cubist Pharmaceuticals

Its main products address unmet medical needs in acute care, specifically pathogens like MRSA.

Effector

Bacterial effector protein, proteins secreted by bacterial pathogens into the cells of their host

Epoxiconazole

Epoxiconazole was introduced to the market by BASF SE in 1993 and can be found in many products and product mixtures targeting a large number of pathogens in various crops.

Glycoside

More modern uses of saponins in biotechnology are as adjuvants in vaccines: Quil A and its derivative QS-21, isolated from the bark of Quillaja saponaria Molina, to stimulate both the Th1 immune response and the production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) against exogenous antigens make them ideal for use in subunit vaccines and vaccines directed against intracellular pathogens as well as for therapeutic cancer vaccines but with the aforementioned side-effects of hemolysis.

History of water filters

Fathers of microscopy, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke, used the newly invented microscope to observe for the first time small material particles that lay suspended in the water, laying the groundwork for the future understanding of waterborne pathogens.

Infection control

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires the use of Personal protective equipment (PPE) by workers to guard against blood borne pathogens if there is a reasonably anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials.

Ixodes scapularis

The Centers for Disease Control's emerging infectious diseases department did a study in rural New Jersey of 100 ticks, and found 55% of the ticks were infected with at least one of the pathogens.

Kevin's Law

Requiring the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to identify the pathogens that threaten human health (e.g. Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes).

Klebsiella pneumonia

Infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in the ICU have invoked the re-emergence of colistin, an antibiotic that had rarely been used for decades.

Lecanicillium

Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) Zare & W. Gams 2001: pathogens of soft scale insects (Coccidae)

Lujo virus

Its name was suggested by the Special Pathogens Unit of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NICD-NHLS) by using the first two letters of the names of the cities involved in the 2008 outbreak of the disease, Lusaka (Zambia) and Johannesburg (Republic of South Africa).

Lycée français Alexandre Yersin

Lycée Français Alexandre Yersin was named after the Alexandre Yersin, a French and Swiss Physician who found the pathogens for the bubonic plague.

Pacific Seafood

Some of Pacific's facilities have earned British Retail Consortium (BRC) certification for their protective measures, including separation of raw and cooked products and positive airflow to prevent airborne pathogens.

Pasteurization

B. tuberculosis, the bacterium requiring the highest temperature to be killed of all milk pathogens is killed at all ranges of temperature and time which also denatured alkaline phosphatase.

Pathogenesis-related protein

Salicylic acid plays a role in the resistance to pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins.

Pediococcus acidilactici

Another potential benefit of using them as Probiotics is their use as alternative medicines against infectious parasitic pathogens like Eimeria in broiler-chicken.

Phosphite

Inorganic phosphites (containing HPO32−) have been applied to crops to combat fungus-like pathogens of the order Oomycetes.

Premastication

Premastication can transmit a wide range of diseases and pathogens from infected parents to their infants through the parents' saliva and open mouth ulcers, including HIV-AIDS as well as possibly hepatitis B virus, Helicobacter pylori.

Protist

Researchers from the Agricultural Research Service are taking advantage of protists as pathogens in an effort to control red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) populations in Argentina.

Reduviidae

The saliva of the reduviid species Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) and Catamirus brevipennis (Servile) have anti-bacterial activity towards the human pathogens Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium) and one Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes).

Rocky Mountain Laboratory

Operated by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, RML conducts research on maximum containment pathogens such as Ebola as well as research on prions and intracellular pathogens such as Coxiella burnetti and Francisella tularensis.

Seirogan

The higher echelons of the Army Medical Corps, including writer Mori Ōgai, favored the German view that beriberi, a disease that caused an even heavier death toll than typhoid, was caused by an undiscovered transmittable pathogens (in contrast, British-trained doctors in the navy correctly saw it as a nutritional disorder).

Sharps waste

The spread of these pathogens is directly responsible for the transmission of blood-borne diseases, such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV.

Superoxide

In phagocytes, superoxide is produced in large quantities by the enzyme NADPH oxidase for use in oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms of invading pathogens.

Synchytrium endobioticum

Added to the federal bioterrorism list for agricultural plant pathogens in 2002 in accordance with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act.

T cell deficiency

The main pathogens of concern in T cell deficiencies are intracellular pathogens, including Herpes simplex virus, Mycobacterium and Listeria.

Tolerance to infections

Disease resistance is the host trait that prevents infection or reduces the number of pathogens, parasites and herbivores within or on a host.

Trichoderma viride

It has been shown to provide protection against such pathogens as Rhizoctonia, Pythium and even Armillaria.

Tritrichomonas

Tritrichomonas is a genus of single celled flagellated protozoan parasites, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines.

VIPR

Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR), a publicly available database and analysis resource for viral pathogens in the U.S


see also