X-Nico

unusual facts about toxicity



Abraham Z. Joffe

Joffe's professional interests were centered primarily in toxigenic fungi associated with production of mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, and other toxins); ecology and environmental factors favoring formation and distribution of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains, feeds and foods; and phytotoxic action of Fusarium strains, and their toxicity in animals and humans.

Allan Blair

Allan Walker Blair (1900 – 1947) was a professor at the University of Alabama's medical school who is best known for allowing himself to be bitten by a black widow spider in order to investigate the toxicity of its venom in humans.

Anatoxin

Toxoid, a bacterial toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been weakened or suppressed

AOC3

Semicarbazide-cadmium therapy has been used to alleviate the symptoms of cancers, but the APIs have significant toxicity.

Apocynin

Familial ALS: Apocynin extended the lives of mutant mice and reduced glial cell toxicity of cultured cells lines with a defective Superoxide Dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene -- a genetic defect found in some people with hereditary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease).

Carol Folt

After conducting postdoctoral studies at the Kellogg Biological Station at Michigan State University, she joined Dartmouth in 1983 as a research instructor in biological sciences, and has conducted extensive research in metal toxicity.

Cerbera manghas

Because of its deadly poisonous seeds, the genus name is derived from Cerberus, the hell dog from the Greek mythology, thus indicating the toxicity of the seeds.

Delta-palutoxin

They show a high toxicity against Spodoptera litura larvae by inhibiting sodium channels, leading to strong paralytic activity and eventually to the death of the insect.

Derris

Despite its toxicity, Derris is used as a food plant by the larvae of numerous Lepidoptera species including Batrachedra amydraula.

Developmental toxicity

Typical factors causing developmental toxicity are radiation, infections (e.g. rubella), maternal metabolic imbalances (e.g. alcoholism, diabetes, folic acid deficiency), drugs (e.g. anticancer drugs, tetracyclines, many hormones, thalidomide), and environmental chemicals (e.g. mercury, lead, dioxins, PBDEs, HBCD, tobacco smoke).

Environmental skepticism

Reisman, George, The Toxicity of Environmentalism, Laguna Hills, CA, The Jefferson School of Philosophy, Economics & Psychology, 1990 ISBN 1-931089-01-9

Experimentation on prisoners

The Plutonium Files, for which Eileen Welsome won a Pulitzer Prize, documents the early human tests of the toxicity of plutonium and uranium on people.

Flavocoxid

Flavocoxid has been associated with liver toxicity in prospective clinical trials published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Ichthyoallyeinotoxism

The species most commonly claimed to be capable of producing this kind of toxicity include several species from the Kyphosus genus, including Kyphosus fuscus, K. cinerascens and K. vaigiensis.

Linamarin

Ingestion of food prepared from insufficiently processed cassava roots with high linamarin levels has been associated with dietary toxicity, particularly with the upper motor neuron disease known as konzo to the African populations in which it was first described by Trolli and later through the research network initiated by Hans Rosling.

Louisiana Voodoo

There were different recipes in Voodoo spells for cure-all; one recipe was to mix jimson weed (Warning: due to the toxicity of Jimson Weed, it is not advised for unskilled practitioners to create) with sulfur and honey.

Medical genetics

Examples include the use of high doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in some patients with homocystinuria to boost the activity of the residual cystathione synthase enzyme, administration of biotin to restore activity of several enzymes affected by deficiency of biotinidase, treatment with NTBC in Tyrosinemia to inhibit the production of succinylacetone which causes liver toxicity, and the use of sodium benzoate to decrease ammonia build-up in urea cycle disorders.

Monomethylhydrazine

Monomethylhydrazine is believed to be the main cause of the toxicity of Gyromitra genus mushrooms, especially the false morel (Gyromitra esculenta).

Mossville, Louisiana

The film features footage of the Louisiana Bucket Brigade collecting air samples to determine the toxicity of the community's air.

Nanocore

The primary reason for this new material development is to meet the current European requirements of the REACH legislation and achieve low fire, smoke and toxicity (FST) values, according to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at the Sea (SOLAS)regulation.

Polymeric foam core materials for sandwich construction, used to produce lightweight and stiff structures will require a new generation of FR additive systems in order to allow them to reduce smoke toxicity ad enable fire resistance properties.

Organochloride

Rachel Carson brought the issue of DDT pesticide toxicity to public awareness with her 1962 book Silent Spring.

Symyx Technologies

With this purchase came the purveyorship of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, www.cdc.gov/niosh/rtecs), a database of basic toxicity information on household chemical substances, food additives, drugs, solvents, biocides, and chemical waste components which as of first quarter of 2012 contained ≈170,000 entries.

Tebufenozide

Because it has high selectivity for the targeted pests and low toxicity otherwise, the company that discovered tebufenozide, Rohm and Haas, was given a Presidential Green Chemistry Award for its development.

The dose makes the poison

"Regulators must extrapolate results not only from animal toxicity studies, typically from mice and/or rats to humans, but also from the very high doses usually used in animal experiments to the very low doses that are characteristic of human exposure. These two types of extrapolation are steeped in uncertainty," wrote Edward J. Calabrese, Professor of Toxicology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst' School of Public Health in Amherst, MA, USA.

Tomas Vu

A hill gridded with pure orange cadmium pigment was floated in the gallery space, recalling ideas of toxicity and Agent Orange, the deadly chemical defoliant used by the United States during the Vietnam War.

Total body irradiation

Early research in bone marrow transplantation by E. Donnall Thomas and colleagues demonstrated that this process of splitting TBI into multiple smaller doses resulted in lower toxicity and better outcomes than delivering a single, large dose.

Tributyltin oxide

Concerns over toxicity of these compounds (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.

Trogia

A team led by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention epidemiologist Zeng Guang suggests that the element barium, present in local foods and contaminated water, may increase the toxicity of the Trogia mushroom.


see also