There are several relics in the monastery: Remains of Saint Peter of Cetinje, the Right hand of Saint John the Baptist, Particles of the Life-Giving Cross, the Icon of the Philermos Mother of God, the Remains of Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (relocated), Royal Regalia of Serbian Emperor Stephen Uroš IV Dušan, among others.
According to the report of a monk from Reichenau Abbey the founder was believed to be Count Hunfried of Chur-Rhaetia, who was said to have promised Charlemagne to make the foundation for the worthy safekeeping of a precious reliquary cross containing a fragments of the True Cross, as well as an onyx vessel containing some of the Blood of Christ.
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In 1388 the church was reconsecrated as ecclesia sanctae crucis (Holy Cross Church) in recognition of its Reliquary, holding what was believed to be a piece of the True Cross.
Legend has it that, in 799 the future Charlemagne received a large number of relics from Fortunatus the patriarch of Jerusalem, including a fragment of the Holy Cross and the Holy Foreskin.
In 1369 Philip de Mezières (also known as Filippo Maser), the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Cyprus, gave to the school a piece of the true cross which it still owns to this day.
Sigurd made his capital in Konghelle (Kungälv in present-day Sweden) and built a strong castle there to live in, and he also kept the relic given to him by King Baldwin, a splinter reputed to be from the True Cross.
The most significant relic that Stavrovouni Monastery possesses is a piece of the Holy Cross, left at the monastery by Saint Helena.
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The monastery is one of the only places where one can see a piece of the Holy Cross.
Tradition continous saying that the cross would later be kept by his son Favila of Asturias in the Church of Santa Cruz de Cangas de Onís erected by Favila and his wife Froiluba in 737 and dedicated to True Cross in Cangas de Onís, the first capital of the Kingdom of Asturias.
The Church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme was built about 325 AD by Saint Helena (the mother of Emperor Constantine the Great) after her pilgrimage to the Holy Land, during which she reportedly located the True Cross and many other relics which she gave to the new church.
Sir Heinrich von Ulmen, a knight, went on the Fourth Crusade to Constantinople, whence he brought valuable treasures back, among others the famous Limburger Staurothek (“Limburg Reliquary of the True Cross”), which can still be seen in the cathedral in Limburg an der Lahn.