DNA ligase | ubiquitin | Ubiquitin B | Ubiquitin | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 | Glutamate-cysteine ligase | Formate–tetrahydrofolate ligase |
The study demonstrated that GAPDH is S-nitrosylated by NO in response to cell stress, which causes it to bind to the protein SIAH1, a ubiquitin ligase.
Interaction with CHIP (Carboxyl-terminus of Hsp70 Interacting Protein)–an E3 ubiquitin ligase–allows Hsp70 to pass proteins to the cell's ubiquitination and proteolysis pathways.