The Ninth Circuit held that § 647(e) violated the Fourth Amendment because it allowed arrest without probable cause, that it was void for vagueness, and that it invited arbitrary enforcement.
Gaifman's recent work include logical systems that formalize aspects of natural reasoning (pointer logic for solving the semantic paradoxes, contextual logic for handling vagueness and the Sorites paradox), phenomena of self-reference, metaphysical realism, philosophy of logic, philosophy of mathematics, Frege, Russell, and the early Wittgenstein.
When Arnold and Reed accepted positions as so-called field matrons on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation in the Klamath River Valley of Northern California, they were charged to exert a “civilizing influence” upon the fewer than eight hundred members of the Karok nation, a vagueness they were to exploit to their own benefit and that of the Karok.
Open texture is a term in the philosophy of Friedrich Waismann, first introduced in his paper Verifiability to refer to the universal possibility of vagueness in empirical statements.
According to Southeast Asian politics specialist Duncan McCargo, there were definite advantages to the “vagueness” of this document.
The error message's vagueness was mocked in the 1999 comedy film Office Space.