The leader, Francesc Xavier, after suffering a serious automobile accident, conceded full powers to his son, Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, represented in Spain for José María de Zavala, to run the party and resigned on 20 April 1975.
The socialist variant of workers' self-management was also adopted by the Spanish Carlist Party in the 1970s founded by Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, a rival claimant to the Spanish throne.
Duke University | Parma | Duke Ellington | Duke | Victor Hugo | Duke of Wellington | Carlos Santana | Prince William, Duke of Cambridge | Hugo Boss | Duke of York | Juan Carlos I of Spain | Hugo | William Carlos Williams | Duke of Norfolk | San Carlos | Duke of Edinburgh | Duke of Burgundy | Carlos Menem | Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham | Prince Andrew, Duke of York | Don Carlos | Duke of Northumberland | Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester | Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany | Hugo Chávez | George Duke | Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond | Hugo Award |
Carlos Hugo was pretender to the defunct throne of Parma, and a Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos Hugo I.
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On 28 September 2003 at Arbonne in France, Carlos Hugo re-asserted his Carlist claim.
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In 1977, his father died, and Carlos Hugo succeeded him claiming the thrones of Parma, Etruria and Spain.
The title was held by the Torelli family in his whole history, until in 1612 it was annexed by Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma.
The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla and of Varella.
During the War of the Spanish Succession Alberoni laid the foundation of his political success by the services he rendered to Louis-Joseph, duc de Vendôme, commander of the French forces in Italy, to whom the duke of Parma had sent him.
However, when during the May 1957 annual Carlist Montejurra amassment his son, Carlos Hugo, made a fulminant Principe de Asturias entry greeted by exploding enthusiasm of the youth, the supporters of Don Juan mounted a counter-action.