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86 unusual facts about Parma


1538 in poetry

Vittoria Colonna, an edition of her amatory and elegiac poems, published in Parma in 1538; a third edition, containing sixteen of her Rime Spirituali, in which religious themes are treated in Italian, was published at Florence soon afterwards; Italy

1992 Coppa Italia Final

The match was played over two legs on 7 May and 14 May 1992 between Juventus and Parma.

2001 Coppa Italia Final

The match was played over two legs on 24 May and 13 June 2001 between Parma and Fiorentina.

2002 Coppa Italia Final

The match was played over two legs on 24 April and 10 May 2002 between Juventus and Parma.

Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

He and field marshal Claude Florimond de Mercy were killed during an attack on Crocetta castle in Parma.

Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (8 December 1689 in Sulzbürg, now part of Mühlhausen – 29 June 1734 in Parma) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth from the Kulmbach-Bayreuth side line of Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern.

Alcuin

On his way home he met Charlemagne (whom he had met once before), this time in the Italian city of Parma.

Aloysius Centurione

Coming from an illustrious family of Genova, Centurione did his schooling in the Jesuit boarding school of Parma before joining the Society of Jesus in 1703.

Andrew Dawes

He was first violinist of the Orford String Quartet from 1965 to 1995 and plays a J.B.Guadagnini violin crafted in Parma in 1770.

Anthony Terill

After his noviceship, he was successively penitentiary at Loreto, professor of philosophy at Florence, professor of philosophy and scholastic theology at Parma, director of theological studies and professor of theology and mathematics at the English College, Liège, and for three years rector of the same college where he died with a reputation for "extraordinary piety, talent, learning, and prudence".

Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy

November 19, 2012 - Parma - Red paint was thrown against the entryway of the synagogue in Parma.

Archduchess Adelheid of Austria

Her godparents were her father's mother Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony and her mother's brother Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma.

Bernardo de' Rossi

The son of a feudal family of the area of Parma, at a young age he received the archdiaconate of Padua and the Abbey of St. Crisogonus in Zadar.

Carlo Farina

From 1629 to 1631, he was a prominent member of the electoral court orchestra in Bonn, until he returned to Italy, where he worked in Parma and later in Lucca until 1635.

Carlo Ignazio Pozzi

He traveled through the Netherlands, and then visited Parma.

Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma

Carlos Hugo was pretender to the defunct throne of Parma, and a Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos Hugo I.

In 1977, his father died, and Carlos Hugo succeeded him claiming the thrones of Parma, Etruria and Spain.

Charles Augustus Hilton

In 1874, he accepted a position at the Free Baptist Church in Parma, New York.

Cipriano de Rore

His probable birth years (1515/1516) are known from his age at death (49, recorded on his tombstone in the cathedral in Parma), and his probable birthplace was a small town in Flanders, Ronse (Renaix), right on the boundary between the French- and Dutch-speaking areas.

Cupid Making His Arch

The work appears in the inventory of Francesco Baiardo in Parma, who was a friend and patron of Parmigianino.

Diplomatic Revolution

The British further forced her to cede Parma to Spain, and more importantly, abandon the valuable state of Silesia to Prussian occupation.

Elisabetta of Bourbon-Parma

Princess Maria Christina died on June 13, 1983, in Bad Ischl, Austria, at the age of 79.

Emilio Diena

In addition to writing numerous articles in philatelic journals, Diena wrote in great detail on stamps of Modena, Romagna, Sicily, Parma, and Naples during the 1920s and 1930s.

Étienne Bonnot de Condillac

But, Condillac devoted his whole life, with the exception of an interval as a court-appointed tutor to the court of Parma, was devoted to speculation.

He had already published several works when the French court sent him to Parma to educate the orphan duke, then a child of seven years.

Flagellant

The movement spread across Northern Italy, up to 10,000 strong groups processing in Modena, Bologna, Reggio and Parma although certain city authorities refused the Flagellant processions entry.

Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma

Married to Dorothea Sophia of the Palatinate, his brother Odoardo's widow, to avoid the return of her dowry, Francesco curtailed court expenditure, enormous under his father and predecessor, Ranuccio II, while preventing the occupation of his Duchy of Parma, nominally a Papal fief, during the War of the Spanish Succession.

Francesco Farnese (19 May 1678 – 26 May 1727) reigned as the seventh and penultimate Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1694 until his death.

Francisco Goya

They were owned by Godoy, the Prime Minister of Spain and a favorite of the Queen, María Luisa.

He then relocated to Rome, where in 1771 he won second prize in a painting competition organized by the City of Parma.

Friedrich Eduard Eichens

He studied engraving first under Buchhorn at Berlin; and then went, in 1827, with a grant from the government, to Paris, where he received instruction from Forster, and later to Parma, where he studied for three years under Toschi.

Gaetano and Pietro Sgarabotto

Indeed the activity of the Sgarabotto makers was very influential in the violin making school of Parma, Cremona and elsewhere.

He moved to Parma in 1926, where he stayed almost without interruptions until his death in 1959.

George Patten

In 1837 Patten went to Italy, visiting Rome, Venice, and Parma; and on his return to England he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy.

Gerolama Orsini

Gerolama Orsini (1504–1570) sometimes Girolama Orsini was a member of the House of Orsini and the wife of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma.

In 1513 an engagement contract between Orsini and Pier Luigi Farnese was drawn up, and in 1519 the wedding celebrated at Valentano.

Giacomo Fogliano

Late in his career, in 1543, he went to Parma to investigate the organ they had installed there.

Giacopo Belgrado

He studied theology at Parma and then became professor of mathematics and physics at the university, holding this position for twelve years.

Giovanni Battista Conforti

Giovanni Battista Conforti (fl. 1550–1570) was an Italian composer, born either in Bologna or Parma.

Giovanni Battista Morgagni

When Valsalva was transferred to Parma Morgagni succeeded to his anatomical demonstratorship.

Guillaume Dufay

A note in the margin in a manuscript held in the Biblioteca Nazionale Palatina in Parma refers to a Musica which he wrote; no copy of the work itself has been found.

Guy Pallavicini

He was the second son of the Marquis Guglielmo Pallavicino (also known as Pelavicino), a descendant of the Obertenghi of Liguria, who ruled over a series of fiefs in the area between Parma and Piacenza which were known collectively as the Pallavicino State.

Jan Frans van Dael

He was also patronized by the Empress Marie Louise, who took one of his pictures with her to Parma.

Jean Thierry du Mont, comte de Gages

The war in Italy was fought between a French-Spanish coalition, commanded by Infante Felipe, son of king Philip V of Spain, assisted between others by the French Marshal Maillebois, and du Mont as Captain General of the Spanish and Neapolitan armies on the one hand, and an Austrian-Sardinian coalition, backed by Great-Britain on the other hand.

Now King Philip V, but mostly his second wife, energetic and ambitious former Italian Princess Elizabeth of Parma, wanted to retake all former Spanish territories in Italy for her son King Charles VII of Naples and Sicily.

Meanwhile, "Juan de Gages" as he was usually called by his Spanish-Neapolitan soldiers, fought against the Austrians in the Milanese and Piedmont, Parma and Piacenza supported by the Genoese.

Julian Budden

After leaving the BBC he was based in both London and Florence (he spoke fluent Italian), where he was a regular correspondent for Opera magazine and was a presence at the Istituto Nazionale di Studi Verdiani in Parma.

Justin Marks

The facility opened in October 2012, and was inspired by another karting track located in Parma, Italy.

Knyaginya Maria Luiza Metro Station

Afterwards, the official name was chosen to be in honour of Maria Luiza, Princess consort of Bulgaria, as one of four stations constructed under Maria Luiza Blvd. in Sofia, the other three being Central Railway Station, Lavov most, and Serdika II.

Macedonio Melloni

Born at Parma, in 1824 he was appointed professor at the local University but was compelled to escape to France after taking part in the revolution of 1831.

Makar of Pécs

The architecture of the altar dedicated to the Holy Cross in the cathedral has clear analogies in the contemporary architecture in Milan, Parma and Padova, while suggests the presence of stonemasons from Lombardy.

Manuel Pinto da Fonseca

He expelled the Jesuits from Malta, in line with similar acts taken in his homeland Portugal and its Empire, as well as in the Two Sicilies of which Malta was a vassal, and in France, the Spanish Empire and Parma.

Marc'Antonio Ingegneri

Not much is known about his early life, but he probably had family from Venice, and he likely studied with Cipriano de Rore at Parma, and Vincenzo Ruffo at Verona.

Margaret of Parma

She was in a somewhat difficult position, as the Pope and the Emperor argued about the authority over Parma.

In 1578, her son Alexander Farnese was appointed to the office of governor-general of the Netherlands: Philip appointed her his co-regent, with the thought that they would balance each other.

Maria Luisa of Parma

Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma

She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV.

Maria Pia

Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma (born 1934), married to Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (b. 1924)

Master of 1302

His works were basically Gothic in style, with modernized touches; his name comes from a set of votive frescos painted for bishop Gerardo de' Bianchi, who died in 1302; among these is a Madonna and Child Enthroned with an Angel and John the Baptist, including a portrait of the donor, located in the Baptistry of Parma.

Mathijs Heyligers

He studied at the International School of Violin Making of Cremona and at the Violin Making School of Parma under the guidance of Renato Scrollavezza.

Niccolò Zucchi

He received patronage from Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, to which Zucchi dedicated his book Nova de machinis philosophia in 1642.

Olly Barkley

He scored his first Heineken Cup try in a game against Italian club Gran Rugby, whilst playing at fullback on 11 October 2002 in Parma.

Papal election, 1061

Alexander II excommunicated Honorius II in 1063, but after a counter-synod Honorius II was able to establish himself in Castel Sant'Angelo and wage war against Alexander II for another year before fleeing again to Parma.

Parma, Idaho

C. Ben Ross — first native-born Governor of Idaho, served as governor from 1931 until 1937; born in Parma.

Parma, New York

The Town of Parma was established on April 8, 1808, named after Parma, Italy.

The Town of Parma, then in Genesee County, was organized in 1808, named after Parma in Italy.

Pope Julius III

The Farnese faction, loyal to the family of previous Pope, supported the election Paul III's grandson, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, and also the family's claim to the Duchy of Parma, which was contested with the Emperor Charles V.

Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este

Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma

Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma

Despite loss of his throne, Duke Robert and his family enjoyed considerable wealth, traveling in a private train of more than a dozen cars among his castles at Schwarzau am Steinfeld near Vienna, Villa Pianore in northwest Italy, and the magnificent Château de Chambord in France.

Princess Maria Antonia of Parma

Maria Antonia grew up with her brother and sisters in the ducal court of Parma, where she was affectionately known as Tognina.

She was a gifted painter and received her training from Giuseppe Baldrighi and Domenico Muzzi, both court painters and professors of the Academy of Fine Arts of Parma.

Maria Antonia of Parma (or Marie-Antoinette) (Maria Antonia Giuseppa Walburga Anna Luisa Vicenza Margherita Caterina; 28 November 1774 – 20 February 1841) was a Princess of Parma, daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma and his wife, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.

During the following years she led a quiet and modest life in the Ursuline convent in Parma.

Proscenium

The most likely candidate for the first true proscenium arch in a permanent theatre is the Teatro Farnese in Parma (1618).

Residence organ

Several such purpose-built residence organs survive from centuries past, including Claudio Merulo's organ in the Conservatory of Music in Parma, and the residence organ of Marie Antoinette that is preserved at Versailles.

Riserva naturale orientata Parma Morta

The Natural Reserve Parma Morta is located in Emilia-Romagna in the commune of Mezzani (Province of Parma| Parma), and was established in 1990.

Silvia Federici

Silvia Federici (born 1942, Parma, Italy) is an American scholar, teacher, and activist from the radical autonomist feminist Marxist tradition.

The Bashful Lover

In his new magnanimity, Lorenzo allows Matilda a free choice among her three suitors — himself, Hortensio, and a prince of Parma named Uberti; but in eavesdropping on a conversation between Hortensio and Matilda, Lorenzo and Gonzaga come to recognize Hortensio as her worthiest choice.

The Choice of Hercules

In 1662 it was moved to the Farnese ducal seat in Parma.

The Day of the Owl

A Carabinieri captain from Parma, Bellodi, gets on the case, ruffling feathers in his contemporaries and colleagues alike.

The Duke's Mistress

In the main plot, Dionisio Farnese, the Duke of Parma, tries to dismiss his faithful wife Euphemia and win Ardelia as his mistress.

The Humorous Courtier

The Duke of Parma, Foscari, has been plying his marriage suit to the Duchess of Mantua — but he suddenly disappears from her court.

Ubertino Pallavicini

In 1264, by the will of his deceased sister Mabilia, he received land near Parma which had been the property of his brother-in-law Azzo VII of Este.

Uppsala University Library

The Bodoni collection is the largest collection of prints of Giambattista Bodoni (1740–1813) outside his native Parma.

Venezuela national baseball team

Italy (Bollate, Bologna, Codogno, Florence, Macerata, Milano, Parma, Piacenza, Reggio Emilia, Rimini, San Marino, Torino, Trieste, Verona & Vicenza) and Netherlands (Rotterdam, Haarlem & Amsterdam) serve as hosts of the sixteen teams of the second round (September 14–20), and therefore receive first round byes.

Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marqués de la Ensenada

Somodevilla was also involved in the endeavors by the Spanish government to elevate the king's sons by his marriage to Elizabeth Farnese, Charles and Philip, on the thrones of Naples and Parma respectively.


2000–01 Juventus F.C. season

It was also Zinedine Zidane's last season with Juventus as he was sold for a world record fee to Real Madrid, but the Italian club compensated his loss with four new players during the summer, with Gianluigi Buffon and Lilian Thuram coming from Parma, whilst Pavel Nedvěd and Marcelo Salas came from Lazio.

Acqua di Parma

It later became popular in the USA, where Hollywood stars, particularly those of British heritage such as Audrey Hepburn, David Niven, and Cary Grant, wore Acqua di Parma's sophisticated scent.

Adalberto Libera

He graduated from Parma's Institute of Art in 1925 and then in 1928 from Rome's Scuola Superiore di Architettura he became acquainted with Futurism through his fellow Trentino Fortunato Depero.

Angelo Ribossi

an oil canvas, depicting Filippo Maria Visconti con Beatrice di Tenda (exhibited in 1870 at Parma); La vigilia del Natale(exhibited in 1872 at Milan); Il cuoco mal pratico, L' Ammaliatrice, and Il vino del padrone (exhibited in 1880 at Turin); Cuoco mal pratico, Passatempo istruttivo, and Momento di buon umore (exhibited in 1881 at Milan); Momento opportuno (exhibited in 1883 at Milan); Il Babau and Prete artista (exhibited in 1886 at Milan).

Antonio Vallisneri

He studied at Bologna, Venice, Padua and Parma and held the chairs of Practical Medicine first and Theoretical Medicine later at the University of Padua between 1700 and his death.

Cadet branch

Also, marriage to cadet males of the Houses of Oldenburg (Holstein-Gottorp), Polignac, and Bourbon-Parma brought those dynasties patrilineally to the thrones of Russia, Monaco, and Luxembourg, respectively.

Domenico Battaglia

Other paintings include Inside the choir of San Severino in Naples; Interior of Sacristy of San Martino in Naples, awarded a prize in Parma; and another Interior of Choir of San Severino, Un coretto ; Carmine Giordano, exhibited in Paris; Pergolesi and the Stabat Mater exhibited in London, and a Winter Forest.

Elvish Linguistic Fellowship

Parma Eldalamberon (Broken Quenya for 'The Book of Elven-tongues') was founded in 1971 as a fanzine devoted to a variety of invented literary languages, published under the auspices of the Mythopoeic Society.

Gherardo III da Camino

A guelph exponent, in 1278 he signed an alliance with Padua, Cremona, Brescia, Parma, Modena and Ferrara against the Ghibelline Verona.

Giuseppe De Cristoforis

1832 with G Jan and Georges Cuvier, baron Il regno animale distribuito secondo la sua organizzazione opera del Baron Cuvier ; compendiata e recata in lingua italiana per servir di base alla Storia naturale degli animali e d'introduzione al prodromo della Fauna dell'Italia superiore, compreso nei cataloghi sistematici e descrittivi della raccolte zoologiche. Parte IIa., I molluschi Parma : Stamperia Carmignani, 1832.

Joseph, Duke of Parma

Joseph, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Giuseppe Maria Pietro Paolo Francesco Roberto Tomaso-d'Aquino Andrea-Avellino Biagio Mauro Carlo Stanislao Luigi Filippo-Neri Leone Bernardo Antonio Ferdinando di Borbone-Parma e Piacenza; 30 June 1875 Biarritz – 7 January 1950 Pianore, Lucca, Italy) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma and the pretender to the defunct throne of Parma from 1939 to 1950.

Lombard League

Formed at Pontida on 1 December 1167, the Lombard League included—beside Verona, Padua, Vicenza and Venice—cities like Crema, Cremona, Mantua, Piacenza, Bergamo, Brescia, Milan, Genoa, Bologna, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Treviso, Vercelli, Lodi, Parma and even some lords, such as the Marquis Malaspina and Ezzelino da Romano.

Marcello Castellini

As Parma faced financial difficulty as their sponsor Parmalat was facing scandal, Matteo Ferrari and Castellini, one of the backbone of the defensive line, were turn to cash and washed out to decrease wage expense.

Margherita de' Medici

To welcome the couple back to Parma, Mercury and Mars, with music by Claudio Monteverdi and text Claudio Achillini was performed in the Teatro Farnese.

Mario Lamberto

He also attended a master class given by Vladimir Delman in Parma and a master class given by Aldo Ceccato at the “Scuola di Alto Perfezionamento Professionale” in Saluzzo.

Nwankwo

Nwankwo Obiora (born 1991), Nigerian football player, he currently plays for Parma

Parma violet

The d'Udine Parma violet features large, bluish-lavender flowers and a strong perfume.

The delicate purple flowers of the parma violet plant also give their name to a delicate, violet-scented sweet Parma Violets, manufactured by Swizzels Matlow.

Perceval Doria

Between 1228 and 1243 he assumed the character of a podestà in several Provençal and north Italian cities, such as Arles, Avignon, Asti, and Parma.

Prince Charles of Luxembourg

Born as Prince of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma, he married at St. Edward's, in Sutton Park, Guildford, Surrey, on 1 March 1967 Joan Douglas Dillon (born New York City, New York, 31 January 1935), daughter of U.S. Treasury Secretary C. Douglas Dillon and wife Phyllis Chess Ellsworth.

Sebastiano Galeotti

Sebastiano Galeotti (1656–1746) was a peripatetic Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active in Florence, Genoa, Parma, Piacenza, Codogno, Lodi, Cremona, Milan, Vicenza, Bergamo, and Turin.

Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat

He died at Langhirano in the vicinity of Parma in obscure circumstances: he may simply have been the loser in a brawl (he was famously ill-tempered and violent), or he may have been assassinated by an agent of the Visconti.

Simone Barone

He was loaned back to Parma in 2002–03 season, then bought back permanently in 2003, with Amauri moved to Chievo.

Tardini

Stadio Ennio Tardini, the stadium of Parma F.C. named after Ennio Tardini

Vincent Malo

Works of Vincenzo Malo are held in the collections of the Accademia Ligustica di Belle Arti (Genoa), Palazzo Bianco (Genoa), Palazzo Colonna (Rome), Galleria nazionale di Parma (Parma), Vatican Museums (Rome), Pinacoteca di Brera (Milan), the Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam), Indiana University of Pennsylvania Art Gallery (Indianapolis) .